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Monster Black Holes May Be Much More Common than Originally Expected

April 7, 2016 By Dustin Smith Leave a Comment

'Suppermassive Black Hole'

Artist’s rendition of a supermassive black hole.

The initial theory asserted that supermassive black holes exist only in super-sized galaxies. But a gigantic black hole towering a cosmic backwater has just challenged that theory.

Scientists found a supermassive black hole that is 17 billion times (!) more massive than our star in a rather small galaxy. This is a surprise since all previously found black holes were detected in bulky galaxies. Researchers are now pondering on the possibility that these cosmic denizens may be more common that they thought.

The matter within black holes is so dense that its gravitational pull doesn’t allow light to escape. The largest known supermassive black hole is 21 billion time the mass of our star. By contrast, the black hole hosted by our galaxy is just 4 million times more massive than the Sun.

Scientists noted that their latest finding is located in a medium-sized galaxy called NGC 1600. Researchers discovered the black hole after they sifted through data on about 100 galaxies within a 300 million light-year range from our planet.

Astronomers speculate that all galaxies host a black hole at their cores. They planned to learn how supermassive these black holes really were.

Chung-Pei Ma, senior researchers involved in the discovery and astronomer at University of California Berkeley, admitted that her team doesn’t yet know whether the newly-discovered black hole is a rare occurrence or NGC 1600 is just ‘the tip of the iceberg.’

There’s a possibility that the black hole was extremely ‘voracious’ in its youth years and engulfed most of the material in its host galaxy, Ma said. Regardless, of the theory, the NGC 1600 black hole is about ten times bigger than scientists would expect for a galaxy of that size.

Ma explained that black holes have a special bond with their galaxies since the size of both space objects greatly depends on the black hole’s appetite in its early years. A supermassive black hole should be no larger than 0.2 percent of its host galaxy, scientists said. But the newly-found black hole accounts for 2.1 percent of NGC 1600’s mass.

One researcher at Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Germany believes that the host galaxy may be in fact a ‘fossil.’ Jens Thomas of the German institute thinks that NGC 1600 had a quick evolution. A cluster of galaxies must have merged rather fast and left a lot of empty space behind, Thomas said.

Ma’s team, however, have a different theory. They think that the black hole may have a twin. As a follow-up, they plan to conduct gravitational wave surveys to solve the mystery.

A research paper on the new finding was published Wednesday in the journal Nature.

Image Source: Flickr

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: Milky Way, monster black holes, NGC 1600 galaxy, supermassive black holes

13 Billion Years Old Galaxy Discovered

December 4, 2015 By Dustin Smith Leave a Comment

 

"tayna galaxy"

Tayna galaxy discovered with the help of Hubble and Spitzel

A 13 billion years old galaxy discovered by combining the power of Hubble and Spitzer telescopes seems to be the faintest object ever spotted in the Universe. The galaxy is also one of the oldest ever discovered, being formed only 400 million years after the big bang.

The team of astronomers who discovered the object has nicknamed it Tayna, a word that means ‘first born’ in Aymara language, spoken in some regions of South America.

Astronomers have detected 22 other very old and very distant galaxies using Hubble and Spitzer before but this is smaller, fainter, older and more far away than anything ever seen before. Scientists believe that objects like this could provide new information about the formation and the evolution of the first galaxies.

The size of Tayna is about the same as the LMC – Large Magellanic Cloud, a very small satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. Yet, it is producing new stars at a record speed, about ten fast faster than LMC does. This makes scientists believe that Tayna galaxy is expanding and one day could become a full-size galaxy.

Hubble detected a massive cluster of galaxies as part of the Frontier Fields program. The cluster, MACS0416.1-2403, is located at the great distance of 4 billion light-years from Earth. It is so gigantic that it weighs more than a million billion suns.

This cluster acts like a natural ‘magnifying glass’, being able to magnify the light of objects behind it, even at great distance. To put it simple, it acts like a 20X zoom lens, increasing the visibility of light objects behind it by almost 20 times. This is a phenomenon that Albert Einstein has explained as a part of the General Theory of Relativity, calling it ‘gravitational lensing’.

To estimate the distance between Earth and Tayna, astronomers built a color profile using data from both Hubble and Spitzer. The light coming from distant galaxies appears to be reddened and stretched because of the Universe’s expansion and of the cool intergalactic hydrogen. Since the new stars are blue-white, the light has to be shifted into infrared wavelengths, which are measured by Hubble and Spitzer.

Scientists claim that the future James Webber Telescope will be able to find more galaxies from the beginning of the Universe, shortly after the big bang and will reveal new data about the way in which everything we know today has come to life.

Image source:  NASA

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: 13 Billion Years Old Galaxy Discovered, cluster, Hubble and Spitzer, LMC, Milky Way, Tayna galaxy

Planck Observatory Delivers Majestic Views of Milky Way

February 10, 2015 By Lee Raulin

Planck Observatory Delivers Majestic Views of Milky WayThe European Space Agency, the Planck Space Observatory had delivered spectacular views of the previously perceived plain white Milky Way galaxy. Costing at about 795 million dollars just to design and launch, the observatory was able to take immeasurable images of the Milky Way from 2009 to 2013, collecting images and creating a mosaic of the galaxy.

The majestic view of the galaxy was brought to life in never-before-seen way. Planck’s instruments were able to capture, in other wavelengths, images of magnetic fields, high energy molecules, interstellar gas and dust, which used differently colored filters. Thus, the agency has disproved some erroneous information last year, involving the declaration of gravitational wave existence in CMB radiation.

Filed Under: Science Tagged With: Milky Way

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